Constitutional Provision:English is an associate official language

 Articles 343 - Official Language of the union

1.The official language of the union shall be Hindi in Devanagri script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. 

2 Notwithstanding anything in clause (i) for a period of 15 years from the commencement of the constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement provided that the President may, during the said period by order 306 authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagri form of numerals in addition to the english and of the devnagri form of numerals in addition to the international form of the Indian numerals for any of the official purpose of the Union. 

3. Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years of :

 (a) The English language of

(b) The Devanagri form of numerals; for such purposes as may be specified in the law. 

 Article 344-Commission and Committee of Parliament on Official language.

I. The President shall, at the expiration of five years from commencement of this constitution and thereafter at the expiration of ten years from such commencement, by order constitute a commission which shall consist of a chairman and such other members representing the different language specified in the Eighth Schedule as the President may appoint and the order shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission.

2. It shall be the duty of the commission to make recommendation the Prosident as to- 

(A) the progressive use of the Hindi language for the official purposes of the Union.

 (B) restrictions on the use of the Engljsh language for all or any of the, fficial purposes  of the Union,

(C) The language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in article 348,

(D) The form of numerals to be used for anyone or more specified purposes of the union.

(E) Any other matter referred to the commission by the President as regards the official language of the Union and the language for communication between the Union and the State or between one State and another and their use.

3. In making their recommendation under clause (2).The commission shall have due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific advancement of india and just claims and the interest of person belonging to the non Hindi speaking areas in regard to the public service.

Article 345- Official Language or Language of the State: 

Subject to the provisions of articles 346 and 347, the legislature of a State may by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the state or Hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of that state.

 Provided that, until the legislature of the State otherwise provides by law, the English language shall continue to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of this constitution.

Article 346-Official Language for Communication between One State and Another or between a State and the Union :

 The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union.

 Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication. 

Article 347-Special Provision relating to Language Spoken by a Section of the Population of the State

  On a demând being made in that behalf the President may, if he is satisfied that a substantial proportion of the population of a State desire the use of any language spoken by them to be recognized by that state, direct that such language shall also be officially recognized throughout that State or any part there of for such purpose as he may specify. 

Article 348-Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc,

 1. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provision of this part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides- 

(a) All proceedings in the Supreme court and in every High Court.

 (b) The authoritative texts- 

(i) of all bills to be introduced or ammendments there to be moved in either house of Parliament or in the house or either house of the legislature of a state.

 (ii) of all acts passed by parliament or the legislature of a state and of all ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a state, and (iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and by-laws issued under this constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the legislature of a State, shall be in english.

2. Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (i) where the legistature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English Language for use in bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or In any order, rule, regulations or by-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause. a translation of the same, in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text there of in the English language under this article.

 Article 349-Special Procedure for Enactment of Certain Laws Relating to Language

During the period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, no bill of amendment making provision for the language to be used for any of the purposes mentioned in clause (1) of article 348 shall be introduced or moved in either house of Parliament without the previous sanction of the President, and the President shall not give his sanction to the introduction of any such bill or the moving of any such amendment except after he has taken into consideration the recommendations of the Commission constituted under clause (1) of article 344 and the report of the committee constituted under clause (4) of that artiele.

 Article 350-Language to be used in Representations for Redress of Grievances

Every person shall be entitled to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in any of the language used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be.

 Article 350 A-Facilities for Instruction in Mother Tongue at Primary stage

 It shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups, and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.

 Article 350 B-Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities:

 There chall be a special officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under this constitution and report to the President upon those matters at such intervals as the President may direct, and the President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each house of Parliament, and sent to the Governments of the States concerned. 


Article 351-Directives for the Development of the Hindi Language 

It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its forms, styles and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondary on other languages.

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Bihar curriculum Framework 2008

Bihar Curriculum Framework- 2008 (SCERT)-with a Special Focus on Language Teaching

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