Sarvesh Rai Educational Corner

              D.El.Ed.1st year (2020-22)     प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था देखभाल और शिक्षा(F-3)         Most Important Question 2021 h ggg 1. ECCE  की प्रमुख अवधारणाओ को स्पष्ट करते हुए इसके कार्यो एवं उददेश्यों को स्पष्ट करें। 1. Explaining the main concepts of ECCE, explain its functions and objectives. 2. प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था में बच्चों के विकास एवं सीखने के सिद्धांतों को बताये। 2. Explain the principles of development and learning of children in early childhood. 3 .  ई.सी.सी.ई. पाठ्यचर्या से आप क्या समझते हैं? ईसीसीई पाठ्यचर्या को लागू करने में विद्यालय की भूमिका को स्पष्ट करें What do you understand by ECCE curriculum? Explain the role of the school in implementing the ECCE curriculum. 4. कक्षा में आप विकासोनुकूल ,बाल केंद्रित प्रक्रिया का निर्माण कैसे करेंगे । 4. How do you build a development friendly child centred process in classroom ? 5.  प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था, देखभाल और शिक्...

                         विद्यालय के संगठनात्मक पक्ष       विद्यालय के संगठनात्मक पक्ष के अंतर्गत भौतिक एवं मानवीय तत्वों का समावेश होता है। यदि किसी विद्यालय की नींव रखनी हो तो उसके लिए जगह ,वातावरण ,जल, भवन ,फर्नीचर ,शैक्षिक साज-सज्जा, शिक्षक एवं शिक्षकेतर कर्मचारियों आदि की व्यवस्था करनी होती है। किसी भी उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए हमें लक्ष्य को ध्यान में रखकर एक समग्र योजना बनानी पड़ती है तथा उस योजना को छोटे-छोटे पदों में विभक्त कर उसकी प्राप्ति के लिए हम लगातार परिश्रम करते हैं। अंत में , हम अपने निर्धारित लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने में सफल होते हैं। विद्यालय संगठन वह संरचना है जिसमें शिक्षक, छात्र, प्रधानाध्यापक , परीनिरीक्षक तथा अन्य व्यक्ति विद्यालय की क्रियाओं को चलाने के लिए मिलकर कार्य करते हैं एवं निर्धारित शैक्षिक उद्देश्यों की प्राप्ति के लिए समस्त उपलब्ध भौतिक एवं मानवीय तत्वों की समुचित इंतजाम करना विद्यालय संगठन का ही कार्य होता है। विद्यालय संगठन के अंतर्गत न केवल उचित व्यवस्था ही आती है, बल्...

             D.El.Ed.1st Year(2020-22)               Most Important Question विद्यालय संस्कृति परिवर्तन और शिक्षक विकास(F-4) 1.प्रश्न - विद्यालय के संगठनात्मक पक्ष से आप क्या समझते हैं?इसके उद्देश्य एवं सिद्धांतों को स्पष्ट करें। Question- What do you understand by organizational aspect of school? Explain its objectives and principles.  2.प्रश्न - विद्यालय प्रबंधन से संबंधित दस्तावेज क्या-क्या हैं?इसकी उपयोगिता बताइये।   Question -What are the documents related to school management? Explain its usefulness. 3. सीखने सिखाने की प्रक्रिया से विद्यालय भवन के सृजनात्मक प्रयोग कितना उपयोगी है, वर्णन करें।    Describe how the creative use of school building is useful in teaching-learning process. 4.शिक्षा के अधिकार कानून - 2009 के अंतर्गत विद्यालयी व्यवस्था में किए गए परिवर्तन की व्याख्या करें। Explain the changes made in the school system under the Right to Education Act - 2009. 5. कक्षा कक्ष का क्या अर्थ...

  Define posters, notices, descriptions, advertisement, articles, invitations. messages and letters.  A.Poster  - A poster is a temporary promotion of an idea, product, or event put up in a public space for mass consumption. Typically, posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster mày be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool advertisers (particularly of events, musicians, films), propagandists, protestors, and other groups trying to communicate a message or conveying information.  b. Notices - A notice is a written or printed announcement (Example - a notice for sale). It is written in order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about to happen. It could be an upcoming event, competition, Lost and found notice or just a piece of information to be delivered to the targeted audience....

  Discuss the factors affecting second language learning?                                        Or  How do development, socio-economic and psychological factors affect second language learning?                                         Or  Explain the development, socio-economic and psychological factors affecting second language learning. There are many factors that affect second language learning. For example, some key factors are learner's age, intelligence, language learnine aptitude, social setting, motivation, etc. These factors can be divided into thres categories,  a. Developmental factors, which include - • Age - Age is one of the factors that influence second language learning. It is generally believed that children are better at language acquisition than adult...

 - Describe guiding principles of NCF 2005 and BCF 2007 in the teaching of English.  Guiding principles of NCF 2005   * Connecting knowledge to life outside the school. Ensuring that learning is shifted away From rote methods.  • Enriching the curriculum to provide for Overall development of children rather Than remain textbook centric.  • Making examinations more flexible and Integrated into classroom life.  • Nurturing an over-riding identity Informed by caring concerns within the Democratic polity the country.   Guiding principles of BCF 2008-   • Relating education to nature, society & Life outside schools.  * Redesigning of textbooks and teaching-Learning strategies for promoting a Constructive critical outlook.  • Re-inventing class rooms & Examinations to aid the process of Learning.  • All round development & helping the Child to realise her individual potential.  • Nurturing a child to grow into an Inf...

        What are the objectives of teaching of English at the elementary level with reference to Bihar Curriculum Framework 2008?                                       Or How does teaching of English at the elementary level can be done according to Bihar curriculum Framework 2008?  Pedagogy of English in Bihar begins from class I itself, it is deemed necessary to lay emphasis on the strategies of teaching required for an ESL (English as Second Language) learners. Bihar Curriculum Framework 2008 has been designed according to the social aspects of the children of the state. Keeping in mind that English language is not so commonly used and spoken in bihar, the curriculum framework has just remodelled the national curriculum  framework 2005, according to the needs of and culture of bihar where most of the people live in villages.  Keeping in view the n...

  What are the objectives of teaching of English at the elementary level with reference to National Curriculum Framework 2005 ?                                        Or  How does teaching of English at the elementary level can be done according to National curriculum Framework 2005 ?  NCF 2005 Gives a Fresh Impetus to Language Education that renewed attempt should be made to implement the three language formula . It also emphasizes Proficiency in multiple languages including English should be encouraged in children. The three-language teaching formula is an attempt to address the challenges and opportunities of the linguistic situation in India. The primary aim of the formula is to promote multilingualism and national harmony.  The goals for second language curriculum are two fold:  a. Attainment of a basic proficiency, such as is acquired in natural language le...

  What do you mean by Reports ? Write types of Reports.   Ans. Kuiper and Clippinger define business reports as, "Organised objective presentations, observations, experiences, or facts used in the decision making process."  Sharma and Mohan define a technical report as, "A written statement of the facts off a situation, project, process or test, how these facts were ascertained, their significance, the conclusions that have been drawn from them and (in some cases) the recommendations that are being made."                        TYPES OF REPORTS   Types of reports includes memps, minutes, lab reports, book reports, progress reports, justification reports, compliance reports, annual reports, and policies and procedures.   Formal Report- Formal report is the report form as commonly pused in a professional setting. This format involves a litte page, a table of contents and a series of sections contained w...

 शिशु जन्म के समय असहाय अवस्था में रहता है । वह दूसरों पर निर्भर रहता है । कालांतर में वही शिशु अनेक चीजें सीख जाता है । सीखने की प्रक्रिया जीवन पर्यन्त चलती रहती है । अधिगम अर्थात् सीखना प्राणियों का एक जन्मजात गुण है ।  अधिगम एक अत्यधिक व्यापक संकल्पना है । मनुष्य अपने जीवन के प्रारम्भ से लेकर अंत तक प्रतिपल कुछ - न - कुछ सीखता रहता है । प्रत्येक व्यक्ति अपने साथ कुछ अनुवांशिक विशेषताएँ लेकर जन्म लेता है । इन विशेषताओं में बुद्धि एक ऐसी विशेषता है जो उसे अपने चारों ओर फैले वातावरण के साथ अतः क्रियाएँ करते हुए उसकी समस्त क्रियाएँ और व्यवहारों में परिवर्तन करने की शक्ति प्रदान करती है । वस्तुतः मनुष्य की अपने परिवेश से प्रभावित होकर अपने वंशानुक्रम के गुणों के अनुरूप व्यवहार में परिवर्तन करने की क्रिया ही अधिगम है । शिक्षा का प्रमुख उद्देश्य बालकों को सिखाना और सीखने की ओर अग्रसर करना है ।                          अधिगम का अर्थ            ( MEANING OF LEARNING )  अधिगम किसी स्थ...

  WRITING LETTERS   Formal and Informal   You may have written or read different types of letters. Can you tell which one is formal and which one is informal. Here is a list of letters. Put them in appropriate column:  • An application  • A business letter  • A letter to the father  • An order for books * A letter to friend  • Job application  • Complaint letters, etc.  Formal Letters, Informal Letters   A letter written to our relatives or friends is called informal.  Letters written to persons other than friends or relatives come under the category of the formal letter.  The Informal letter : A Letter to a Friend  See how Aditya writes a letter to Apurva, one of his friends, describing how he enjoyed the summer vacation.  Bhagalpur  May 21, 2019  Dear Apurva,           I hope you're keeping well. Recently, during the summer vacation I went family.         ...

              Learning Plan : Special Emphasis on                              Learning and Speaking   Introduction  You may have been teaching English or some other subjects at the primary level but have you ever thought whether teaching is a matter of scholarship, skill or careful planning ? You may have perhaps informed that at times even a very experienced teacher fails to deliver whereas an average teacher succeeds in achieving the desired objectives. What does this suggest ? It suggests among other things that planning a lesson is a very important step in successful teaching. In this unit we'll talk about the utility of 'how to plan your teaching' and the steps that we need to take to make teaching learning process more effective. Now, leaving the conventional model of 'Lesson Plan', we have developed a framework of 'Learning Plan' for teaching of English.  ...

    What is a learning plan? List some points of concern while making a learning plan.  A learning plan is a comprehensive, customizable, multi-day plan for instruction and assessment. In other words, A learning plan is a document (possibly an interactive or on-line document) that is used to plan learning. usually over an extended period of time.  Today's teachers need to differentiate instruction and connect it to learning outcomes. The learning plan does that by building students' reading, listening, speaking and writing skills. It includes multiple opportunities for differentiation, including selecting essential questions, readings, and instructional strategies and assessments-all organized within a framework based on backward design and aligned to the Common Core State Standards for English Language.  Here are some of the points of concern while making a learning plan -  1. While preparing a learning plan, one must keep in mind the learners' level, the...

 1. What are the learning indicators of reading in English language at elementary level?  Reading covers both seen and unseen types of text. It is closely allied to writing, reading aloud (speaking), speaking and listening. The links between taxt and image are emphasised, and written texts should be used to allow talk about experiences and feelings as well as about language. Besides the reading fiction, poetry and play-scripts, information texts, such as maps, guides, menus, advertisements and other 'real world' texts such as newspaper articles nd online media should be used. Here are some indicators of reading in English language at primary elementary level-  a. Reads simple words/sentences with the help of pictures.  b. Follows main idea, details and the sequence of ideas and events and draws conclusions based on reading with teacher. c. Understands through picture reading.  d. Relates ideas with her personal experiences and raises questions. E. Reads small te...

  Articles 343 - Official Language of the union :  1.The official language of the union shall be Hindi in Devanagri script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.  2 Notwithstanding anything in clause (i) for a period of 15 years from the commencement of the constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement provided that the President may, during the said period by order 306 authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagri form of numerals in addition to the english and of the devnagri form of numerals in addition to the international form of the Indian numerals for any of the official purpose of the Union.  3. Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period...